A coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water known as a storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is typically associated with low-pressure weather systems like cyclones. It does not include waves and is measured as the rise in water level above the normal tidal level.

High-speed wind that pushes water toward the coast over a long distance is the primary meteorological factor that contributes to a storm surge.

The timing of tides, the shallowness and orientation of the water body in the storm path, and the storm-induced drop in atmospheric pressure are additional factors that influence storm surge severity. There is a possibility that storm surges are becoming more dangerous as a result of climate change.
Storm surge is predicted to pose a greater threat to coastal populations as extreme weather intensifies and sea levels rise as a result of climate change, according to some theories.

Networks and state run administrations can adjust by building hard foundation, similar to flood hindrances, delicate framework, as waterfront hills or mangroves, further developing beach front development practices and building social techniques, for example, early advance notice, training and departure plans.

An effect known as the Ekman spiral occurs when strong surface winds cause surface currents to flow in the opposite direction of the wind. The tendency for water levels to rise at the downwind shore and to fall at the upwind shore is the phenomenon known as “wind set-up” caused by wind stresses.

This is intuitively caused by the storm’s winds pushing the water toward one side of the basin. The Ekman Spiral effects are proportional to depth because they travel vertically through the water. Similar to the astronomical tide, the surge will be pushed into bays.